Correlation of nipple eczema in pregnancy with atopic dermatitis in Northern India: a study of 100 cases

Abstract Background Nipple eczema is a less common presentation of atopic dermatitis. No studies in the literature have correlated nipple eczema in pregnancy as a manifestation of atopic dermatitis. Objective To evaluate whether nipple eczema presenting in pregnancy is a manifestation of atopic dermatitis. Methods This was a prospective observational study including 100 women who presented with nipple eczema for the first time during pregnancy. The exclusion criteria were any patient with previous history of nipple eczema, those already on oral or topical treatment for atopic dermatitis or nipple eczema, and other disorders mimicking eczema. Patients were divided into two groups ‒ nipple eczema with atopic dermatitis and without atopic dermatitis. Demographic data, clinical features, total leukocyte count, differential leukocyte count, absolute eosinophil counts, and serum IgE levels were compared between the two groups to detect association between nipple eczema in pregnancy and atopic dermatitis. Results Out of 100 patients, 39 were diagnosed with atopic dermatitis, whereas 61 were ruled out to have any features suggestive of atopic dermatitis. There were no statistically significant differences in mean age, mean duration of symptoms, and serum IgE levels. In patients with atopic dermatitis, bilateral symptoms were noted more commonly than in patients without the disease, but this was statistically insignificant. Study limitations Lack of long term follow-up and no large studies in literature to compare results. Conclusion Nipple eczema in pregnancy follows a similar pattern as in other age groups. The clinical profile of patients is similar in cases with and without atopic dermatitis.

Relations of neuropeptide Y and heme oxygenase-1 expressions with fetal brain injury in rats with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy

Abstract Purpose: To investigate the relations of neuropeptide Y (NPY) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expressions with fetal brain injury in rats with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP). Methods: Sixty rats pregnant for 15 days were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The ICP model was established in experimental group. On the 21st day, the blood biochemical test, histopathological examination of pregnant rat liver and fetal brain tissues and immunohistochemical analysis of fetal rat brain tissues were performed. Results: On the 21st day, the alanineaminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and total bile acid levels in experimental group were significantly higher than control group (P<0.01). Compared with control group, there was obvious vacuolar degeneration in pregnant rat liver tissue and fetal brain tissue in experimental group. NPY expression in fetal brain tissue was negative in control group and positive in experimental group. HO-1 expression in fetal brain tissue was strongly positive in control group and positive in experimental group. There was significant difference of immunohistochemical staining optical density between two groups (P<0.01). Conclusion: In fetal brain of ICP rats, the NPY expression is increased, and the HO-1 expression is decreased, which may be related to the fetal brain injury.

Pruritic folliculitis of pregnancy

Abstract Pruritic folliculitis of pregnancy is a rare disease of unknown etiology. It occcurs primarily during pregnancy, usually with spontaneous resolution postpartum. It is characterized by a benign dermatosis, with papular and pustular follicular lesions that first appear on the torso and occasionally spread throughout the body. We report the case of a patient in the 27th week of pregnancy, with a two-month evolution of pruritic and papular erythematous lesions on her lower back. Differential diagnosis includes other pregnancy-specific dermatoses: gestational pemphigoid, pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy (PUPPP), prurigo of pregnancy, and (PUPPP) and prurigo of pregancy. Histopathological tests showed changes consistent with pruritic folliculitis of pregnancy. This case is relevant due to its rare nature and its clinical and histopathological characteristics.

Evolución de una vasculitis renal asociada a anticuerpos anti-citoplasma de neutrófilos (ANCA) durante un embarazo: caso clínico / Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) associated renal vasculitis and pregnancy: report of one case

ANCA mediated vasculitis mainly occur between the fourth and fifth decade of life; therefore, it is very uncommon to see pregnant patients with the disease. Vasculitis may affect significantly the course of pregnancy; in turn pregnancy can change the course of vasculitis. We report a 20 years old woman with ANCA-mediated renal vasculitis lasting 10 years who consulted with a pregnancy of 15 weeks. She was in remission and had amenorrhea attributed to ovarian toxicity due to cyclophosphamide. Pregnancy had an uneventful course with spontaneous delivery at the 37th week, giving birth to a healthy newborn. Proteinuria increased during the course of pregnancy with a mild deterioration of kidney function. During the year after delivery, she had nephrotic proteinuria and a worsening of renal function.

Melasma and assessment of the quality of life in Brazilian women

BACKGROUND: Melasma is a chronic, acquired hyperpigmentation disease on sun-exposed areas of the skin, which affects patients' quality of life. OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact on the quality of life of women living in Florianópolis, Brazil, through questionnaire (MelasQol), and investigate the clinical aspects and risk factors for melasma, correlating them with the MelasQol scores. METHODS: This study was performed on 51 melasma patients cared for at the University Hospital of the Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. The variables included were: age, gender, age of onset of melasma, Fitzpatrick phototype (I-VI), duration and family history of melasma, onset of melasma during pregnancy, use of hormonal contraceptive, thyroid disorder and distribution of melasma. The MelasQoL questionnaire, validated for Brazilian Portuguese (MelasQoL-BP), was applied. RESULTS: The mean age was 38.43±6.75 years. All patients were women. The most common Fitzpatrick skin phototypes were III (49.02%) and IV (33.33%). Melasma had a mean age of onset of 29.18±7.05 years and a mean duration of 9.25±6.18 years. The majority of patients did not have familial history of melasma (50.98%). Melasma onset was associated with pregnancy (45.10%). The MelasQoL-BP analysis revealed significant emotional impact on patients, such as feeling bothered (94.11%), frustrated and embarrassed (64.71%), and depressed (52.94%) about their skin appearance, as well as unattractive (78.43%). No social impact was observed (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Melasma has a strong emotional impact on quality of life, resulting especially from feelings about skin appearance. .

Revisión de las complicaciones neurológicas del embarazo / Review of the neurological complications of pregnancy

El embarazo, situación aceptada como normal, produce una serie de cambios en la mujer que conlleva a que varias entidades patológicas no solo neurológicas se manifiesten o se modifiquen. Es fácil suponer que si durante la gestación hay grandes cambios hormonales, lo más probable es que en ocasiones los acontecimientos anómalos les sean atribuidos. En general la mujer cuando se embaraza tiene algún temor por la salud del futuro hijo, para nadie es extraño que muchas situaciones pueden llevar a malformaciones congénitas, por ejemplo las infecciones o aquellas de origen inmunológico, las enfermedades crónicas o degenerativas y en nuestro caso varias entidades neurológicas; y lo que es también grave y preocupa a muchas gestantes es lo relacionado con el empleo de medicamentos. ¿Hasta dónde puede llegar su toxicidad? La mujer en edad fértil se pregunta entonces qué problemas puede traer el embarazo para ella o para su producto. El propósito principal de esta revisión es comentar de qué manera las entidades neurológicas más frecuentes pueden complicar el curso del embarazo, que patologías neurológicas solo se van a manifestar con la gestación y por último el problema que se le presenta al médico para recomendar algún medicamento dados los problemas teratogénicos bien conocidos de la mayoría de estos. ¿Cómo determinada patología neurológica influye en el embarazo o cómo el embarazo puede influir en esa patología?.

Dos de las entidades observadas a menudo en clínica neurológica, las migrañas y la epilepsia, sirven de ejemplo para comentar los efectos teratogénicos de los medicamentos. En estas la evolución de la enfermedad puede tener un curso impredecible, algunas mejoran, las crisis pueden disminuir e inclusive no presentarse mientras otras pueden empeorar. Más de la mitad de las pacientes con migraña dicen mejorar durante el embarazo; en el caso de la epilepsia algunas crisis pueden agravarse, por ejemplo las de origen focal se hacen más frecuentes. Lo ideal es no ingerir medicamentos durante la gestación, todos son teratogénicos en mayor o menor grado y el ácido valproico se considera el que más, porque puede producir malformaciones congénitas mayores y posibilidad de trastornos cognitivos en la infancia En las cefaleas el acetaminofén continúa considerándose el analgésico más seguro, pero hay otros que pueden emplearse según el periodo en que se encuentre la gestación. La esclerosis múltiple es una enfermedad frecuente en mujeres jóvenes, en edad fértil, por lo general angustia de manera importante a la paciente las consecuencias que pueda traerle el embarazo. ¿Va a complicar su enfermedad? ¿O bien la enfermedad y los medicamentos que debe recibir van a afectarla o a producir un recién nacido con defectos? Se ha visto que esta afección disminuye en el último trimestre del embarazo y se intensifica después del parto. De otra parte el empleo, hasta el momento, de medicamentos es un reto para el médico, la mayoría son teratogénicos y el único considerado categoría B sin complicaciones es el acetato de glatiramer, una macromolécula que parece que no pasa la barrera placentaria y tampoco tiene problemas con la lactancia. En las entidades mencionadas antes, en especial la esclerosis múltiple, es muy importante mantener informada a la paciente en cuanto a los riesgos, sobre todo de los medicamentos.

Pregnancy associated breast cancer: An institutional experience.

BACKGROUND: Pregnancy‑associated breast cancer (PABC) has been defined as breast cancer diagnosed during pregnancy or within 1 year of delivery. There is a paucity of data on PABC from India. The aim of our study was to assess the clinical‑pathological parameters and outcome of PABC at Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We screened approximately 3,750 cases registered from January 2001 to December 2012 and found 26 cases of PABC. Patients’ records were obtained from the computer database using International Classification of Diseases code (C‑50). RESULTS: The median age was 26 years (range 20‑35). The median duration of symptoms was 11.5 months. The American Joint Committee on Cancer stage distribution was Stage I ‑ 1, Stage II ‑ 3, Stage III ‑ 14 and in Stage IV ‑ 8 patients. Median clinical tumor size is 5.5 cm. Four patients were presented with the inflammatory breast cancer. Positive family history was elicited in three patients. Twenty‑one patients were diagnosed after delivery, two patients in the first trimester, two patients in the second trimester and three patients in the third trimester. Estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) negativity and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2/neu) positivity was 56% and 38%, respectively. Nearly, 40% of patients had a high‑grade tumor and 70% had pathological node positivity. With a median follow‑up of 33 months, 3 years relapse free survival and overall survival was 40% and 50% respectively. Bone was the most common site for systemic relapse. CONCLUSIONS: PABC constituted 0.7% of all breast cancer patients. It is associated with advanced stage at presentation. Half of them were ER/PR negative and one‑third was HER2/neu positive.

Hofbauer cells morphology and density in placentas from normal and pathological gestations / Morfologia e densidade das células de Hofbauer em placentas de gestações normais e patológicas

PURPOSE: In placentas from uncomplicated pregnancies, Hofbauer cells either disappear or become scanty after the fourth to fifth month of gestation. Immunohistochemistry though, reveals that a high percentage of stromal cells belong to Hofbauer cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in morphology and density of Hofbauer cells in placentas from normal and pathological pregnancies. METHODS: Seventy placentas were examined: 16 specimens from normal term pregnancies, 10 from first trimester's miscarriages, 26 from cases diagnosed with chromosomal abnormality of the fetus, and placental tissue specimens complicated with intrauterine growth restriction (eight) or gestational diabetes mellitus (10). A histological study of hematoxylin-eosin (HE) sections was performed and immunohistochemical study was performed using the markers: CD 68, Lysozyme, A1 Antichymotrypsine, CK-7, vimentin, and Ki-67. RESULTS: In normal term pregnancies, HE study revealed Hofbauer cells in 37.5% of cases while immunohistochemistry revealed in 87.5% of cases. In first trimester's miscarriages and in cases with prenatal diagnosis of fetal chromosomal abnormalities, both basic and immunohistochemical study were positive for Hofbauer cells. In pregnancies complicated with intrauterine growth restriction or gestational diabetes mellitus, a positive immunoreaction was observed in 100 and 70% of cases, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Hofbauer cells are present in placental villi during pregnancy, but with progressively reducing density. The most specific marker for their detection seems to be A1 Antichymotrypsine. It is remarkable that no mitotic activity of Hofbauer cells was noticed in our study, as the marker of cellular multiplication Ki-67 was negative in all examined specimens.

OBJETIVO: Em placentas de gestações sem complicações, as células de Hofbauer desaparecem ou se tornam raras após o quarto ou quinto mês de gestação. Entretanto, a imunohistoquímica revela que uma alta porcentagem de células estromais pertencem às células de Hofbauer. O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar as alterações da morfologia e densidade das células de Hofbauer em placentas de gestações normais e patológicas. MÉTODOS: Foram examinadas 70 placentas: 16 provenientes de gestações normais a termo, 10 de abortos espontâneos no primeiro trimestre, 26 de casos diagnosticados como anormalidade cromossômica do feto, e amostras de tecido placentário com complicações causadas pela restrição de crescimento intrauterino (8) ou pelo diabetes mellitus gestacional (10). Cortes corados com hematoxilina-eosina (HE) foram submetidos a estudo histológico e imunohistoquímico utilizando-se os seguintes marcadores: CD 68, lisozima, antiquimotripsina A1, CK-7, vimentina, e Ki-67. RESULTADOS: Em gestações normais a termo, o estudo HE revelou células de Hofbauer em 37,5% dos casos, enquanto a imunohistoquímica as revelou em 87,5% dos casos. Em abortos do primeiro trimestre e em casos de diagnóstico prenatal de anormalidades cromossômicas fetais, tanto o estudo básico como o estudo imunohistoquímico foram positivos para células de Hofbauer. Em gestações complicadas pela restrição de crescimento intrauterino ou pelo diabetes mellitus gestacional, imunoreação positiva foi observada respectivamente em 100 e 70% dos casos. CONCLUSÕES: As células de Hofbauer estão presentes nos vilos placentários durante a gestação, embora com densidade progressivamente reduzida. O marcador mais específico para sua detecção parece ser a antiquimotripsina A1. Vale salientar que atividade mitótica de células de Hofbauer não foi detectada em nosso estudo, uma vez que o marcador de multiplicação celular Ki-67 foi negativo em todas as amostras examinadas.

Oral granuloma gravidarum: a retrospective study of 41 cases in Southern Brazil

Granuloma gravidarum (GG) is an inflammatory lesion, which develops in the oral mucosa of pregnant women in response to chronic low-grade irritants, under the influence of hormonal factors. Objective To characterize GG clinically by means of a retrospective study of the cases of the Oral Medicine Division, São Lucas Hospital, Brazil. Material and Methods Cases of GG diagnosed between 1980 and 2012 were analyzed. Data were obtained referring to the age of the patients, lesion location, clinical features, as well as the presence of local irritants. The gestation period in which the lesion developed was also investigated. Results Forty-one cases of GG were found. The lesions developed predominantly in the third trimester of pregnancy (51.22%) and the mean age of the patients was 28 years. Most GG was found in the gingiva (73.17%), was reddish color and had a mean diameter of 1.5 cm. Local irritants were involved in 75.6% of the cases. Conclusions The hormonal conditions of pregnancy can have an impact on the oral cavity, predisposing the patient to inflammatory lesions such as GG. .

Ruptura de endometrioma ovárico durante el tercer trimestre del embarazo / Ruptured of ovarian endometrioma during the third trimester of pregnancy

Presentar un caso de ruptura de endometrioma de ovario durante el tercer trimestre del embarazo. Paciente de 35 años con embarazo activo de 34 semanas, acudió por presentar dolor abdominal y aumento súbito de volumen del abdomen. La ecografía demostró la presencia de un embarazo intrauterino, abundante cantidad de líquido libre en cavidad abdominal y del lado izquierdo del útero una tumoración compatible con endometrioma. Durante la laparotomía, el ovario izquierdo estaba adherido a la pared posterior del ligamento ancho y epiplón con la presencia del endometrioma roto. Tres días después de cirugía, el trabajo de parto se inicio en forma espontánea, por lo que se realizó la cesárea. La paciente presentó un posoperatorio sin complicaciones

A 35 years-old patient with an active pregnancy of 34 weeks assisted for presenting abdominal pain and sudden increased of abdominal volume. Ultrasonography showed presence of intrauterine pregnancy, great amount of free fluid in abdominal cavity and in left side of uterus a tumor compatible with endometrioma. During laparotomy, left ovary was adhere to posterior wall of broad ligament and omentum with a ruptured endometrioma. Three days after surgery, labor began spontaneously so a cesarean section was done. Patients had a postoperative course without complications

Morbilidad materna: hospitalización ante-parto / Maternal morbidity: ante partum hospitalization

Determinar la incidencia de admisiones antenatales en gestantes portadoras de enfermedades severas que implican un tratamiento intrahospitalario, revelando así la morbilidad materna, además de conocer sus repercusiones perinatales. Estudio observacional, descriptivo, analítico realizado durante el trienio 2008-2010. Hubo 5 815 nacimientos, 1 033 admisiones antenatales, 230 neonatos con morbilidad neonatal y 34 muertes feto-neonatales. Las embarazadas debían tener 20 semanas o más de gestación, hospitalizadas 2 días o más, fueron dadas de alta sin parir y luego regresaron para su asistencia obstétrica definitiva. Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Hospital "Dr. Adolfo Prince Lara", Departamento Clínico Integral de la Costa, Universidad de Carabobo. Puerto Cabello. Hubo una incidencia de 17,76 pacientes hospitalizadas antenatalmente por cada 100 nacimientos o 1 cada 5,6 nacimientos. Las patologías más frecuentes fueron las propias del embarazo (57,41 por ciento): la amenaza de parto prematuro (18,20 por ciento), preeclampsia (9,78 por ciento), hemorragia placentaria (6,68 por ciento), oligohidramnios (6,58 por ciento) y anemia (5,52 por ciento). Las patologías asociadas al embarazo (33,98 por ciento): infección urinaria (14,13 por ciento) y diabetes(9,49 por ciento) La morbilidad neonatal global fue 22,26 por ciento, aportada principalmente por patologías propias del embarazo: amenaza parto pretérmino (20,43 por ciento), preeclampsia (13,04 por ciento), y hemorragia placentaria (10 por ciento); de las asociadas: infección urinaria 14,35 por ciento y diabetes 14,35 por ciento. La mortalidad feto-neonatal fue de 3,3 por ciento, contribuyendo predominante prematurez y malformación fetal (29,41 por ciento), preeclampsia (26,47 por ciento), el desprendimiento prematuro de placenta y la placenta previa (17,65 por ciento). Hubo una incidencia elevada de admisiones antenatales, causadas por entidades que obligan a un diagnóstico precoz...

To determine the incidence of antenatal admissions in pregnant women carrying a severe illness involving hospital management, revealing maternal morbidity, in addition to knowing their impact perinatal outcomes. An observational, descriptive, analytical study, made during the 2008-2010 period. There were 5 815 births, 1 033 antenatal admissions, 230 infants with neonatal morbidity and 34 fetal and neonataldeaths. Pregnant women should take 20 weeks or more gestation, hospitalized 2 days or more, were discharged without giving birth and then returned for final delivery care. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital "Dr. Adolfo Prince Lara". Departamento Clinico de la Costa. University of Carabobo. Puerto Cabello, Estado Carabobo, Venezuela. There was an incidence of patients hospitalized antenatally 17.76 per 100 births or 1 in 5.6 children. The most frequent pathologies were typical of pregnancy (57.41 percent): preterm delivery threatens (18.20 percent), pre-eclampsia (9.78 percent), placental hemorrhage (6.68 percent), oligohydramnios (6.58 percent) and anemia (5.52 percent). Pregnancy-associated pathologies (33.98 percent): urinary tract infection (14.13 percent) and diabetes (9.49 percent). Neonatal morbidity rate was 22.26 percent, contributed mainly by pathologies of pregnancy: preterm delivery threatens (20.43 percent), pre-eclampsia (13.04 percent), and placental hemorrhage (10 percent), associated: urinary tract infection 14.35 percent and diabetes 14.35 percent. Feto-neonatal mortality was 3.3 percent, contributing predominant: prematurity and fetal malformation (29.41 percent), pre-eclampsia (26.47 percent), abruptio placenta and placenta previous (17.65 percent). There was a high incidence of antenatal admissions caused by entities that require early diagnosis and better management in order to lessen the economic impact and the serious repercussions hospital perinatal evidenced

La histerectomía obstétrica como terapéutica segura en la morbilidad extremadamente grave / Obstetric hysterectomy as a safe therapy in the extremely severe morbidity

Introducción: la histerectomía obstétrica se define como la extirpación del útero después de un evento obstétrico, opción terapéutica vinculada con estados de morbilidad obstétrica extremadamente grave. Objetivo: determinar características obstétricas y generales en una población de pacientes con morbilidad obstétrica extremadamente grave a las cuales se les realizó histerectomía obstétrica. Métodos: estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, realizado desde enero del 2007 a diciembre del 2009, en el Hospital Ginecobstétrico Mariana Grajales de Santa Clara, Villa Clara. Se revisaron los expedientes de 71 pacientes a quienes se hizo histerectomía obstétrica. Se calculó la incidencia y se identificaron las características clínicas y obstétricas, la relación con el tipo de parto y los principales hallazgos anatomopatológicos asociados a la histerectomía obstétrica. Resultados: se realizó una histerectomía obstétrica cada 463 partos. El promedio de edad de las pacientes fue de 33,8 + 6,78 años. El 78,6 por ciento tenía antecedentes de cesárea. Predominó la histerectomía total abdominal en el 63,3 por ciento de la muestra y en 27 pacientes se realizaron ligaduras de las arterias hipogástricas, 38 por ciento. Se requirió el ingreso en la terapia intensiva en un 69 por ciento de las pacientes histerectomizadas. No se reportaron muertes maternas vinculadas con las histerectomías obstétricas en estos tres años en la provincia. Conclusiones: la histerectomía obstétrica es una opción terapéutica asociada a la morbilidad obstétrica extremadamente grave, donde el accionar oportuno, con dominio técnico y cumpliendo las indicaciones pertinentes se convierte en una herramienta que garantiza la vida de muchas pacientes en momentos críticos

Introduction: the obstetric hysterectomy is defined as the removal of uterus after an obstetric event, therapeutic option linked to stages of extremely severe obstetric morbidity. Objective: to determine the obstetric and general features in a group of patients presenting with an extremely severe obstetric morbidity underwent to obstetric hysterectomy. Methods: a cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted from January, 2007 to December, 2009 in the Mariana Grajales Gynecology and Obstetrics Hospital of Santa Clara, Villa Clara province. The medical records of l71 patients were reviewed who underwent obstetric hysterectomy. Incidence was estimated identifying the clinical and obstetric features, the relation with the type of labor and the main anatomical-pathological findings associated with obstetric hysterectomy. Results: an obstetric hysterectomy was performed by 463 labors. The mean age of patients was of 33.8 ± 6.78 years. The 78.6 percent had a history of cesarean section. There was predominance of abdominal total hysterectomy in the 63.3 percent of the sample and in 27 patients ligatures of hypogastric arteries were performed (38 percent). It was necessary the admission in intensive therapy service of the 69 percent of hysterectomy patients during this past year in the province. Conclusions: the obstetric hysterectomy is a therapeutic option associated with the extremely severe obstetric morbidity, where a timely action, a technical mastery and fulfilling the pertinent indications, it become a tool to guarantee the life of many patients in critical situations

Infecção urinária em fêmeas suínas em produção - revisão / Infección del tracto urinario en hembras porcinas en producción - revisión / Urinary infection in females swine during production - review

A suinocultura tecnificada no Brasil tem como preocupação os índices reprodutivos das matrizes que, por sua vez, têm como ferramenta de avaliação, partos e descartes de matizes no plantel, pois influencia diretamente no número de partos/fêmea/ano. Além disso, a atividade suinícola no Brasil tornou-se uma escala industrial, tendo como preocupação o controle rigoroso de doenças que afetam o rebanho e o rendimento econômico. Dentre as reprodutivas, a infecção urinária (IU) tem como principal perda a redução da vida útil, falha reprodutiva e mortalidade de animais adultos, causando uma acentuada redução nos índices produtivos da granja. Apesar das origens multifatoriais da doença correlacionada com os fatores de risco, os microorganismos mais encontrados são: Escherichia coli e Actinomyces suis. As infecções urinárias em suínos afetam principalmente as matrizes, causando uma acentuada redução nos índices de produtividade das granjas comerciais com uma prevalência epidemiológica de até 30%. Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar informações sobre a infecção urinária de origem multifatorial em fêmeas suínas em produção.

The technification of swine culture in Brazil is worried about the reproductive levels of sows which are evaluated by the number of births given and the number of sow rejections on the farm because it directly influences the number of birth/female/year. Besides, the swine culture in Brazil is set on an industrial level where the strict control of diseases that affect the herd and the productivity are extremely important. Among the reproductive infections, the urinary infection (UI) has as major loss the reduction of the reproductive life, reproductive failure and mortality of adult animals, causing a great decrease in the productive index on the farm. Even with the multifactor origins for the disease correlated with the risk factors, the most common microorganisms found are Escherichia coli and Actinomyces suis. Urinary infections in swine mainly affect the sows causing a big reduction in the productivity index on commercial farms with an epidemiology of up to 30%. This article has as objective to show information about the multifactor origin urinary infection of females swine during production.

La porcicultura tecnificada en Brasil tiene como preocupación los índices reproductivos de las matrices que, por su vez, tiene como herramienta de evaluación, partos y descartes de matrices en el plantel, pues influencia directamente en el número de partos/hembra/año. Además de eso, la actividad de porcicultura en Brasil se volvió una escala industrial, teniendo como preocupación el control riguroso de enfermedades que afectan el rebaño y la renta económica. Entre las reproductivas, la infección urinaria (IU) tiene como principal pérdida la reducción de la vida útil, falla reproductiva y mortalidad de animales adultos, causando una acentuada reducción en los índices productivos de la granja. A pesar de los orígenes multifactoriales de la enfermedad correlacionadas con los factores de riesgo, los microorganismos más encontrados son: Escherichia coli y Actinomyces suis. Las infecciones urinarias en porcinos afectan principalmente las matrices, causando una acentuada reducción en los índices de productividad de las granjas comerciales con prevalencia epidemiológica de hasta 30%. Este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar informaciones sobre la infección del tracto urinario de origen multifactorial en hembras porcinas en producción.

Infecção urinária em fêmeas suínas em produção - revisão / Infección del tracto urinario en hembras porcinas en producción - revisión / Urinary infection in females swine during production - review

A suinocultura tecnificada no Brasil tem como preocupação os índices reprodutivos das matrizes que, por sua vez, têm como ferramenta de avaliação, partos e descartes de matizes no plantel, pois influencia diretamente no número de partos/fêmea/ano. Além disso, a atividade suinícola no Brasil tornou-se uma escala industrial, tendo como preocupação o controle rigoroso de doenças que afetam o rebanho e o rendimento econômico. Dentre as reprodutivas, a infecção urinária (IU) tem como principal perda a redução da vida útil, falha reprodutiva e mortalidade de animais adultos, causando uma acentuada redução nos índices produtivos da granja. Apesar das origens multifatoriais da doença correlacionada com os fatores de risco, os microorganismos mais encontrados são: Escherichia coli e Actinomyces suis. As infecções urinárias em suínos afetam principalmente as matrizes, causando uma acentuada redução nos índices de produtividade das granjas comerciais com uma prevalência epidemiológica de até 30%. Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar informações sobre a infecção urinária de origem multifatorial em fêmeas suínas em produção.

The technification of swine culture in Brazil is worried about the reproductive levels of sows which are evaluated by the number of births given and the number of sow rejections on the farm because it directly influences the number of birth/female/year. Besides, the swine culture in Brazil is set on an industrial level where the strict control of diseases that affect the herd and the productivity are extremely important. Among the reproductive infections, the urinary infection (UI) has as major loss the reduction of the reproductive life, reproductive failure and mortality of adult animals, causing a great decrease in the productive index on the farm. Even with the multifactor origins for the disease correlated with the risk factors, the most common microorganisms found are Escherichia coli and Actinomyces suis. Urinary infections in swine mainly affect the sows causing a big reduction in the productivity index on commercial farms with an epidemiology of up to 30%. This article has as objective to show information about the multifactor origin urinary infection of females swine during production.

La porcicultura tecnificada en Brasil tiene como preocupación los índices reproductivos de las matrices que, por su vez, tiene como herramienta de evaluación, partos y descartes de matrices en el plantel, pues influencia directamente en el número de partos/hembra/año. Además de eso, la actividad de porcicultura en Brasil se volvió una escala industrial, teniendo como preocupación el control riguroso de enfermedades que afectan el rebaño y la renta económica. Entre las reproductivas, la infección urinaria (IU) tiene como principal pérdida la reducción de la vida útil, falla reproductiva y mortalidad de animales adultos, causando una acentuada reducción en los índices productivos de la granja. A pesar de los orígenes multifactoriales de la enfermedad correlacionadas con los factores de riesgo, los microorganismos más encontrados son: Escherichia coli y Actinomyces suis. Las infecciones urinarias en porcinos afectan principalmente las matrices, causando una acentuada reducción en los índices de productividad de las granjas comerciales con prevalencia epidemiológica de hasta 30%. Este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar informaciones sobre la infección del tracto urinario de origen multifactorial en hembras porcinas en producción.

Spectrum of changes in placenta in toxemia of pregnancy.

Background: Toxemia of pregnancy is the leading cause of maternal mortality and is an important factor in fetal wastage. The incidence is high in developing countries with malnutrition, hypoproteinemia, and poor obstetric facilities. Objectives: The present study was undertaken to analyze placental changes in the preeclampsia-eclampsia syndrome with a view to assess the significance of villous abnormalities by histopathological methods because these changes serve as a guide to the duration and severity of disease. Gross abnormalities noted were the placental infarcts, retroplacental hematoma, and calcification. Results: The striking villous abnormalities observed in the study group were cytotrophoblastic proliferation (86%), thickening of the villous basement membranes (95.23%), increase in syncytial knots (90.4%), villous stromal fibrosis (92%), fibrinoid necrosis (97.82%), endarteritis obliterans (53.96%), decreased villous vascularity, and paucity of vasculosyncytial membranes (93.65%). Conclusions: The gross abnormalities and villous lesions in the preeclampsia (P < 0.001) and eclampsia syndrome (P < 0.05) were significant.

Operative laparoscopy in pregnancy for a large paraovarian cyst

The use of operative laparoscopy for paraovarian cysts in pregnancy is relatively new. A 26-year-old primigravida at 20 weeks of gestation was discovered to have a 20 x 15-cm adnexal cyst during ultrasound. Laparoscopic excision of the 20 x 15-cm paraovarian cyst after aspiration of 2.5 L of fluids was performed without complications. The operative time was 60 minutes. The patient was released from the hospital less than 24 hours after surgery in good general condition. Follow-up in the outpatient clinic was satisfactory. The final histopathology confirmed the 20 x 15-cm paraovarian cyst. The patient delivered vaginally and spontaneously at term. Operative laparoscopy may be safe for removing large paraovarian cysts during pregnancy

Fisiopatologia da pré-eclâmpsia / Pathophysiology of preeclampsia

A pré-eclâmpsia é uma complicação da gravidez que ocorre no terceiro trimestre de gestação e é específica da gravidez humana. Ela é secundária a uma disfunção placentária, a qual é responsável pela liberação na circulação materna de diversas substâncias responsáveis por ativação e até lesão do endotélio materno, tendo como consequências hipertensão arterial, nefropatia glomerular e aumento da permeabilidade vascular. Trabalhos recentes têm permitido melhor compreensão da fisiopatologia desta patologia, com a esperança de desenvolver novos instrumentos de detecção e possíveis perspectivas terapêuticas. Este artigo ilustra os mecanismos fisiopatológicos da revascularização uterina defeituosa, da disfunção placentária e da disfunção endotelial que ocorrem no decurso da pré-eclâmpsia.

Granuloma piógeno del embarazo: presentación de un caso con valoración de receptores de estrógeno y progesterona / Pyogenic granuloma of pregnancy: case report with estrogen and progesterone receptor evaluation

El granuloma piógeno de la cavidad oral ocurre entre el 2 y el 5% de las gestantes. En su patogenia se sospecha la acción de irritantes locales sobre un metabolismo tisular alterado por la acción de las hormonas sexuales. Presentamos una paciente de 26 años sin antecedentes patológicos que cursa el octavo mes de gestación. Consulta por presentar una lesión exofítica en gíngiva inferior de 6 meses de evolución. El estudio histopatológico informa compatible con tejido de granulación. Luego de 2 meses posparto se observa una gradual involución del granuloma. Se investigaron receptores de estrógeno y progesterona, los cuales resultaron negativos.